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This is one of the most important aspect of preventive pediatrics. Immunization in India has still not achieved the goal |
| of "Immunization of All children". Even amongst the doctors there still remains controversy as the specific timing of |
| vaccination. Immunization schedule given below is the most commonly accepted schedule. |
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| National Immunization Schedule |
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| 3 rd day to 3 month |
B.C.G |
Intradermal |
| 2 nd Month |
1 st dose Polio-OPV |
Oral |
| 3 rd Month |
| 2 nd dose Polio – OPV |
| Triple Antigen – DPT |
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| 4 th Month |
| 3 rd dose Polio – OPV |
| Triple Antigen – DPT |
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| 5 th Month |
| 4 th dose Polio – OPV |
| Triple Antigen – DPT |
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| 6 th Month |
5 th dose Polio – OPV |
Oral |
| 7 th Month to 9 month |
Measles Vaccine |
Subcutaneous |
| 18 Month |
| 1 st Booster Dose of Polio |
| Triple Antigen – DPT |
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| 4 to 5 Year |
| 2 nd Booster Dose Of Polio |
| Triple Antigen – DPT |
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| Adults |
Tetanus Toxoid |
Every 2-5 Year |
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Measles Vaccine: Only can be given to a child at the age of 9 month or even before that, if there is an epidemic of |
| measles. A booster dose of MMR should be given at the age of 15-18 months. |
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Effectivness of BCG: Controversy regarding effectiveness of BCG is still going on. BCG does not prevent formation of |
| primary complex but it certainly helps to prevent severe form of Tuberculosis Therefore it should be advised to all neonates |
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| Oral Polio Vaccine |
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Low grade fever which may appear 12-24 hour after vaccination and lasts for a day or two. |
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| Triple Vaccine |
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Low grade fever 12-24 hour after the injection |
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| Immunization other than Routine |
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| Cholera |
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Used only during an epidemic of cholera. It can be combined with TAB vaccine or given alone. Dose 0.5 ml IM or |
| subcutaneous. Children below 2 year will require 0.2 ml and thosebetween 2-10 year require 0.3 ml. |
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| ARV Vaccine (Anti rabies) |
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Any dog bite should be treated with ARV immediately if |
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| 1. |
The dog is rabid |
| 2. |
Street dog which cannot be traced. |
| 3. |
All bites from wild animals like monkey, jackal |
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| Hepatitis Vaccine |
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There is a lot of confusion among patients about jaundice vaccine. There is a confusion about the cost of the vaccine |
| when the childe is brought for vaccination. It is better to explain the mother in brief about Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B. |
| Mode of transmission, schedule of vaccine, booster dose and protectivity against which type of hepatitis. This should be |
| explained to the mother. Many a time parents are under false belief that they have given Hepatitis B vaccine, so the child |
| will never get jaundice in his lifetime. This is a misconception, The child I not vaccinated against Hepatitis A as it is a water |
| born disease, and more common, so unless you vaccinated the child against Hepatitis A, he has got chances of getting jaundice in the future. |
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| Hepatitis B Vaccine- (Engirex) |
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Hepatitis B Vaccine can be given as soon as possible after delivery. It is a routine practice in many nursing home to give |
| oral polio (Zero polio), BCG and Hepatitis B vaccine before discharging the new born baby form the nursing home. |
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| Chicken Pox vaccine – (Varilix) |
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Though the vaccine is costly, protectivity with single dose is good and it can save the child from chicken pox and its |
| complications. |
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| Haemophilus influenzae Type b Vaccine – (Hibtitre) |
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This Infection is more common in children below 5 year. Vaccine available for this is capsular polysaccharide |
| conjugated with various proteins. |
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| Typhoid Vaccine – (Typhim –V) |
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Newer typhoid vaccine prepared from typhoid V; antigen. It has many advantages over conventional TAB vaccine. It is |
| given as a Single doesn’t produce induration fever and headache. |
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| Rabies Vaccine – (Rabipur) |
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Conventional ARV is a Never tissue Vaccine. It has got side effects like local pain, induration, allergic rash, anaplylaxis |
| and neuroparalytical complication. Newer vaccine is prepared by growing virus on chick embryo. |
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| Pulse Polio Immunization |
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Since 1996 this special programme is implemented to achieve the goal of polio eradication. During the month of |
| December and January on one particular day all children below 5 year age are given oral polio vaccine. This programme is |
| implemented throughout the country on the same day. By this method attenuated polio virus outnumbers wild polio virus and |
| survival of wild polio virus is difficult. This programme has brought India toward polio eradication. |
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